Brief Background:

1. In the JPEPA, the Philippines commits to extend national treatment and most-favoured nation treatment to Japanese investors. It also commits not to create laws, at whatever level, that would require Japanese investors to comply with certain requirements pursuant to investments made.

a. national treatment: treatment no less favourable than those extended to its own nationals

b. most-favoured nation: treatment no less favourable than those extended to other countries that are not parties to the JPEPA

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